|
Johan Carl Wilcke was a Swedish physicist. Wilcke was born in Wismar, son of a clergyman who in 1739 was appointed second pastor of the German Church in Stockholm. He went to the German school in Stockholm and enrolled at the University of Uppsala in 1749. He spent the years from 1751 travelling abroad and received the ''magister'' degree from the University of Rostock in 1757,〔See entry of (Johan Carl Wilcke ) in Rostock Matrikelportal〕 after having published the dissertation ''De electricitatibus contrariis''. In 1759 he became the first "Thamian lecturer" of experimental physics at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, a position created through a donation from the wealthy merchant Sebastian Tham, and a member of the academy. He became a titular professor in 1770, and permanent secretary of the Academy of Sciences in 1784. He died in Stockholm in 1796. His two areas of significant research were electricity and caloric theory. In 1762 he invented an electrostatic generator that was a first version of the electrophorus, a device named and popularized in 1775 by Alessandro Volta.〔, p.73〕〔For information about Wilcke's research on the electrophorus (or "dissectible condenser"), see: * Joh. Carl Wilcke (1762) "Ytterligare rön och försök om ''contraira electriciteterne'' vid laddningen och därtil hörande delar" (Additional findings and experiments on the opposing electric charges (are created ) during charging, and parts related thereto) ''Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar'' (Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Science Academy), vol. 23 , pages (206-229 ), 245-266. Reprinted in German as: Joh. Carl Wilcke (1765) "Fernere Untersuchung von den entgegengesetzten Elecktricitäten bei der Ladung und den dazu gehörenden Theilen" (Further investigation of the opposing electric charges (are created ) during charging and the parts belonging thereto), ''Der Königliche schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abhandlungen aus der Naturlehre'', … , (vol. 24 ), pages 213-235, 253-274. * J.L. Heilbron, ''Electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries: A study of early modern physics'' (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1979), pages 418 - (419 ).〕 In 1772 he calculated the latent heat of ice. In 1789 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Library and Archive catalogue )〕 ==Notes== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johan Wilcke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|